Religious persecution by communists

Enver Halil Hoxha ( HOJ-ə, 16 October 1908 – 11 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the head of state of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, dictator and commander-in-chief of the armed forces from 1944 until his death. He served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times served as foreign minister and defence minister as well.

Religion in China is diverse and most Chinese people are either non-religious or practice a combination of Buddhism and Taoism with a Confucian worldview, which is collectively termed as Chinese folk religion.

Rolando Maria Rivi (7 January 1931 – 13 April 1945) was an Italian Roman Catholic seminarian. Rivi was noted for his studious and pious nature with an intense love for Jesus Christ which was evident through frequent confession and the reception of the Eucharist; he was amiable to all and wore his cassock with great pride to the point where he affirmed that he belonged to Christ and His Church. Accusing him of having spied for the Nazis, Communist partisans murdered him "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) towards the end of World War II in Modena because he was learning to become a priest added with their extreme hatred of the faith.

Blessed Eugene Bossilkov, born Vincent Bossilkov (b. 16 Nov 1900-11 Nov 1952), was a member of the Passionist Congregation, Roman Catholic bishop of Nicopolis and martyr in the Communist campaign in Bulgaria against religion. He had studied in Rome for his doctorate at the Pontifical Oriental Institute and became a parish priest in the Danube Valley. After becoming bishop, in 1952 he was arrested, together with many other religious, and executed for ostensible crimes against the state. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1998.

Josef Beran (29 December 1888 – 17 May 1969) was a Czech Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Prague from 1946 until his death and was elevated into the cardinalate in 1965.

Watchman Nee, Ni Tuosheng, or Nee T'o-sheng (Chinese: 倪柝聲; pinyin: Ní Tuòshēng; November 4, 1903 – May 30, 1972), was a Chinese church leader and Christian teacher who worked in China during the 20th century. In 1922, he initiated church meetings in Fuzhou that may be considered the beginning of the local churches. During his thirty years of ministry, Nee published many books expounding the Bible. He established churches throughout China and held many conferences to train Bible students and church workers. Following the Communist Revolution, Nee was persecuted and imprisoned for his faith and spent the last twenty years of his life in prison. He was honoured by Christopher H. Smith (R–NJ) in the US Congress on July 30, 2009.

Neuland: Antireligiöse Zweiwochenschrift der Sowjetdeutschen (Russian: Новь; translation of the name: "The Virgin Land", or "The New Land": "Antireligious two-week publication of the Soviet Germans") was an anti-religious magazine in German. It was published by the Central Bureau of the German Sections at the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine in the city of Kharkiv. The first issue was published in November 1926, No. 2–11 − in 1927. In the years 1928–1929. 12 were published, in 1930–1933 - 24 issues a year, and in 1934 - 12 issues a year. The subscription price in 1928 was 25 kopeks per month. In 1927 the circulation of the magazine was 457, in 1928 - 1200, in 1929 - 1900, in 1930 - 2400 copies. The publication ceased at No. 12 for 1934. The chief editor of the magazine was Hans Gockel (Johann Gockel-Ehrlich; Russian: Ганс Гансович Гоккель; (1896–1938)) who was subsequently arrested in 1937 and shot in 1938, rehabilitated in 1959. The slogan of the magazine was "The struggle against religion is the struggle for socialism!" (German: «Kampf gegen die Religion ist Kampf für den Sozialismus!»).

Erdem ba Shazhan (Buryat: «Эрдэм ба шажан»; Russian: Наука и религия; translation of the name: "Science and Religion") was an anti-religious magazine in the Buryat-Mongolian language in the Mongolian script. The magazine was published by decision of the regional committee of the RCP(b) of May 8, 1928. It was the central publication of the Republican League of Atheists of the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The magazine was published in Verkhneudinsk. In 1928, 3 issues of the magazine were published, in 1929 − 6 issues, in 1930 and 1931 − 9 numbers, in 1932 − 5 numbers, in 1934 − 2 numbers. The organizer and first editor of the magazine was Bato-Dalai Togmitov (Buryat: Бато-Далай Тогмитов; 1905 or 1906 -1938), who at that time worked as a researcher in the scientific committee of the republic. The magazine published materials explaining the policies of the cultural revolution, the fight against religion and the promotion of atheism among the Buryat population. The magazine published works of Buryat literature. In 1928, Abiduyev’s poem “Airplane” was published in the magazine.

The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge under the leadership of Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot. It resulted in the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million people from 1975 to 1979, nearly 25% of Cambodia's population in 1975 (c. 7.8 million).

The Xinjiang internment camps, officially called vocational education and training centers (Chinese: 职业技能教育培训中心; pinyin: Zhíyè jìnéng jiàoyù péixùn zhōngxīn; Wade–Giles: Chihyeh chineng chiaoyü p'eihsün chunghsin) by the government of China, are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee. Human Rights Watch says that they have been used to indoctrinate Uyghurs and other Muslims since 2017 as part of a "people's war on terror", a policy announced in 2014. Thirty-seven countries have expressed support for China's government for "counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures", including countries such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, Cuba, and Venezuela; meanwhile 22 or 43 countries, depending on source, have called on China to respect the human rights of the Uyghur community, including countries such as Canada, Germany, Turkey and Japan. Xinjiang internment camps have been described as "the most extreme example of China's inhumane policies against Uighurs". The camps have been criticized by the subcommittee of the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development for persecution of Uyghurs in China, including mistreatment, rape, torture, and genocide.