People from Rushville, Illinois

David Thomas Lenox (December 8, 1802 – October 18, 1874) was an American pioneer who settled in the Oregon Country where he organized the first Baptist Church west of the Rocky Mountains. A native of New York, he lived in Illinois and Missouri before he was captain of the first wagon train over the Oregon Trail to what became the state of Oregon. He also organized several schools and churches, and served as a judge and justice of the peace. In Oregon, he settled on the Tualatin Plains near what is now Hillsboro and later lived in Eastern Oregon.

Theophilus Lyle Dickey (October 12, 1811 – July 22, 1885) was an Illinois jurist and military leader.

William Henry Dieterich (March 31, 1876 – October 12, 1940) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Illinois. He was a state legislator, U.S. Representative, and U.S. Senator

Russell R. Dohner, MD (February 8, 1925 – August 7, 2015) was a general surgeon and private medical practitioner affiliated with the Sarah D. Culbertson Memorial Hospital in Rushville, Illinois. His selflessness as a hometown doctor gained him national attention as he was featured in People Magazine, NBC Nightly News, the Today Show, and other publications and media.

John M. Sullivan (born January 9, 1959) is an American politician and the former Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture. Prior to this, he served as a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate for the 47th district of Illinois from 2003 to 2017.

Helen West Heller (1872 – November 19, 1955) was an American painter, printmaker, poet, and illustrator.

Archibald Alexander Glenn (January 30, 1819 – May 21, 1901) was an American politician from Kentucky. Raised in Indiana, Glenn's father died when he was thirteen and Glenn had to provide for his family. In 1837, he moved to Illinois where he learned the printing trade and became a publisher. He campaigned for Henry Clay in 1844 then became a prominent politician in Brown County, Illinois. He was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1872 and was named its president two years later; this made him the acting Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. After his term, he moved to Wichita, Kansas, where he held several political positions.

Charles Guy Briggle (January 27, 1883 – June 6, 1972) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois.

William Henry Ray (December 14, 1812 – January 25, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.

John Courts Bagby (January 24, 1819 – April 4, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.