Left-wing populism in South America

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period of forty-seven hours in 2002. Chávez was also leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.

Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner ( born 19 February 1953), often referred to by her initials CFK, is an Argentine lawyer and politician who has served as the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She also previously served as the 51st President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015 and the first lady during the tenure of her husband, Néstor Kirchner. She was the third woman to hold the Argentine vice presidency, the second woman to hold the presidency, the first directly elected female president, and the first woman re-elected to the office. Ideologically, she identifies herself as a Peronist and a social democrat on the Argentine center-left, with her political approach called Kirchnerism.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Brazilian Portuguese: born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011. He was a founding member of the Workers' Party (PT) and ran unsuccessfully for president three times before achieving victory in the 2002 election. He was re-elected in 2006.

Néstor Carlos Kirchner Jr. (25 February 1950 – 27 October 2010) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the 50th President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, Governor of Santa Cruz Province from 1991 to 2003, Secretary General of UNASUR and the first gentleman during the first tenure of his wife, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He was President of the Justicialist Party from 2008 to 2010. Ideologically, he identified himself as a Peronist and a progressive, with his political approach called Kirchnerism.

Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959) is a Bolivian politician and former cocalero activist who served as the 65th President of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019. Widely regarded as the country's first president to come from its indigenous population, his administration focused on the implementation of leftist policies and combating the influence of the United States and multinational corporations. Ideologically a socialist, he is the head of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party.

The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV) is a socialist political party in Venezuela which resulted from the fusion of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution led by President Hugo Chávez.

Chavismo (from Spanish: chavismo), also known in English as Chavism or Chavezism, is a left-wing populism political ideology based on the ideas, programs and government style associated with the Venezuelan President between 1999 and 2013 Hugo Chávez that combines elements of democratic socialism, socialist patriotism, Bolivarianism, and Latin American integration. Supporters of Hugo Chávez and Chavismo are known as Chavistas.

The Cuban Revolutionary Party – Authentic (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Cubano – Auténtico, PRC-A), commonly called the Authentic Party (Spanish: Partido Auténtico, PA), was a political party in Cuba most active between 1933 and 1952. Although the Partido Auténtico had significant influence, it eventually became unpopular and, despite significant reforms, Fulgencio Batista returned to power.

Kirchnerism (Spanish: kirchnerismo ) is an Argentinian political group formed by the supporters of the late Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, and of his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Senator since 2017 and President from 2007 until 2015. Although the Kirchners are members of the Justicialist Party (the original, official and largest Peronist party founded by Juan Perón in 1947), Peronism itself is a broad movement and many Peronists oppose them ("Anti-Kirchnerist Peronism"). Kirchnerism is generally considered to fall into the category of left-wing populism.

The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile) is a Chilean political party. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).