Kingdom of Nepal

Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah (Nepali: पृथ्वी बीर विक्रम शाह) (18 August 1875 – 11 December 1911) was King of Nepal from 1881 until 1911. Among the most notable events of his reign were the introduction of the first automobiles to Nepal, and the creation of strict water and sanitation systems for much of the country. King Prithvi's eldest child was Princess Royal Lakshmi Rajya Lakshmi Devi, who was married to Field Marshal Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. She was made the Crown Princess and was heir to Nepal's throne until she was in her late teens, when her brother King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah Dev was born. Until then King Prithvi only had four daughters and four from another wife.

Maharajadhiraj Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) (Nepali: श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह देव) was the last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom and first monarch of the Kingdom of Nepal (also called Kingdom of Gorkha). Prithvi Narayan Shah started the unification of Nepal.

Tribhuwan Bir Bikram Shah (Nepali: त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह; 30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death. Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time, however, the position of monarch was mainly titular, with real power in the country residing in the Rana family, which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister.

Khasa-Malla kingdom (Nepali: खस मल्ल राज्य, Khasa Malla Rājya), popularly known as Khasa Kingdom (Nepali: खस राज्य, Khasa Rājya) and Yatse (Wylie: ya rtse) in Tibetan, was a medieval kingdom established around the 11th century in regions that are presently in far-western Nepal and parts of Uttarakhand state in India.

The King of Nepal (traditionally known as the Mahārājdhirāja i.e. Great King of Kings; Nepali: महाराजधिराज) was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008. He served as the head of the Nepalese monarchy—Shah Dynasty. The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly. The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were abolished in October of the same year.

The Nepalese royal massacre (also called Durbar Hatyakanda) occurred on 1 June 2001 at the Narayanhiti Palace, the then-residence of the Nepali monarchy. Nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, were killed in a mass shooting during a gathering of the royal family at the palace. A government-appointed inquiry team named Crown Prince Dipendra as perpetrator of the massacre. Dipendra slipped into a coma after shooting himself in the head.

The Shah dynasty (Nepali: शाह वंश), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty and the founder of the Gorkha Kingdom from 1559 to 1768 and later the unified Kingdom of Nepal from 1768 to 28 May 2008.

The Kingdom of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल अधिराज्य) was a Hindu kingdom in South Asia, formed in 1768 by the expansion of the Gorkha Kingdom, which lasted until 2008 when the kingdom became the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It was also known as the Gorkha Empire (Nepali: गोरखा अधिराज्य), or sometimes Asal Hindustan (Nepali: असल हिन्दुस्तान, 'Real Land of the Hindus'). Founded by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkha monarch who claimed to be of Thakuri origin from chaubisi, it existed for 240 years until the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2008. During this period, Nepal was formally under the rule of the Shah dynasty, which exercised varying degrees of power during the kingdom's existence.

Asal Hindustan (Devanagari: असल हिन्दुस्तान) was a historical name of the Kingdom of Nepal establishment by the Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah during the 18th century CE. The term Asal Hindustan was coined by the Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah for his newly conquered territories. The King Prithvi Narayan Shah unified Nepal in the 18th century. He used the term Asal Hindustan to distinguish his kingdom from the northern Indian plains, which were then under the Mughal rule and pejoratively called as Mughlana.