Computers designed in Russia

Strela computer (Russian: ЭВМ Стрела, 'Arrow') was the first mainframe vacuum-tube computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union, beginning in 1953.

The Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a line of Soviet and Russian computer systems developed by the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. These computers are used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems, as well as for theoretical and researching purposes, such as an experimental Refal and CLU translators.

The Agat (Russian: Агат) was a series of 8-bit computers produced in the Soviet Union. It used the same MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor as Apple II and BBC Micro, among many others. Commissioned by the USSR Ministry of Radio, for many years it was a popular microcomputer in Soviet schools.

The Dubna 48K (Дубна 48К) is a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer launched in 1991. It was based on an analogue of the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. Its name comes from Dubna, a town near Moscow, where it was produced on the "TENSOR" instrument factory, and "48K" stands for 48 KBs of RAM.

The Scorpion ZS-256 was a very widespread ZX Spectrum clone produced in St. Petersburg by Sergey Zonov (same person behind the "Leningrad" clone).

Besta (Беста) is a Soviet Unix-based graphics workstation. Starting in 1988, more than 1,000 were produced. It was produced primarily for use in the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant and some universities. The workstation was designed by students of the Moscow State University in concert with the Scientific Research Institute of System Development. Uniquely, the hardware was manufactured at the ZiL plant, which was better known for producing automotive vehicles and heavy equipment.

Ural (Russian: Урал) is a series of mainframe computers built in the former Soviet Union.

UKNC (Russian: УКНЦ) is a Soviet PDP-11-compatible educational micro computer, aimed at teaching school informatics courses. It is also known as Elektronika MS-0511. UKNC stands for Educational Computer by Scientific Centre. It was designed by the Scientific Centre in Zelenograd.

The ATM Turbo (ru: "АТМ-ТУРБО"), also known simply as ATM (from ru: "Ассоциация Творческой Молодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM.

DVK (Russian: ДВК, Диалоговый вычислительный комплекс, Interactive Computing Complex) is a Soviet PDP-11-compatible personal computer. It was designed by the Research Institute of Precision Technology in Zelenograd.