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Clairvius Narcisse (January 2, 1922 – 1994) was a Haitian man said to have been turned into a zombie by a Haitian vodou preparation, purportedly a combination of psychoactive substances (oftentimes the paralyzing pufferfish venom tetrodotoxin and the strong deliriant Datura). The single greatest proponent of this possibility was a graduate student in ethnobotany at Harvard University, Wade Davis, who published two popular books based on his travels and ideas during and immediately following his graduate training. However, subsequent scientific examinations (using tools of analytical chemistry alongside critical review of earlier reports) have failed to support the presence of the claimed key pharmacologically active compound tetrodotoxin in the preparation, which was central to the phenomena and mechanism reported by Davis. No further supporting evidence has appeared.