Astronomical objects discovered in 1980

3430 Bradfield (prov. designation:) is a stony Agnia asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1980, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The Sq-type asteroid was named after comet hunter William A. Bradfield.

7548 Engström, provisional designation is dark Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 March 1980, by Swedish astronomer Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile. The asteroid was later named after Swedish artist Albert Engström.

2629 Rudra, provisional designation , is a sizable Mars-crossing asteroid and slow rotator inside the asteroid belt, approximately 5.3 kilometers (3.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1980, by American astronomer Charles Kowal at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark B-type asteroid has a long rotation period 123 hours and likely an elongated shape. It was named after Rudra from Hindu mythology.

5222 Ioffe, provisional designation is a rare-type carbonaceous Palladian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1980, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, Crimea. It is the largest of the Palladian asteroids apart from Pallas itself.

6223 Dahl, provisional designation is a carbonaceous asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometres in diameter. It was discovered on 3 September 1980, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at Kleť Observatory near České Budějovice in the Czech Republic. The asteroid was named after author of children's books, Roald Dahl.

Prometheus is an inner satellite of Saturn. It was discovered on 24 October 1980 from images taken by the Voyager 1 probe, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 27.

Calypso is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered in 1980, from ground-based observations, by Dan Pascu, P. Kenneth Seidelmann, William A. Baum, and Douglas G. Currie, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 25 (the 25th satellite of Saturn discovered in 1980). Several other apparitions of it were recorded in the following months: S/1980 S 29, S/1980 S 30, S/1980 S 32, and S/1981 S 2. In 1983 it was officially named after Calypso of Greek mythology. It is also designated Saturn XIV or Tethys C.

Atlas is an inner satellite of Saturn which was discovered by Richard Terrile in 1980 from Voyager photos and was designated S/1980 S 28. In 1983 it was officially named after Atlas of Greek mythology, because it "holds the rings on its shoulders" like the Titan Atlas held the sky up above the Earth. It is also designated Saturn XV.

Telesto is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Smith, Reitsema, Larson and Fountain in 1980 from ground-based observations, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 13. In the following months, several other apparitions were observed: S/1980 S 24, S/1980 S 33, and S/1981 S 1.

3350 Scobee, provisional designation 1980 PJ, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1980 by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona. It was named for Dick Scobee, commander of the ill-fated Challenger crew.